Selection of the coupling size
Обзор
The torque load of the coupling must be determined from the output of the driven machine and the coupling speed.
Rated coupling load TN = 9550 · PN / nN
(TN in Nm; PN in kW; nN in rpm)
The rated coupling load obtained in this way must be multiplied by factors and compared with the rated coupling torque. An ideal but expensive method is to measure the torque characteristic on the coupling. For this, FLENDER offers special adapters fitted with torque measuring devices.
The rated coupling torque TKN is the torque which can be transmitted by the coupling over an appropriate period of use if the load is applied to the coupling purely statically at room temperature.
Application factors are to express the deviation of the real coupling load from the “ideal” load condition.
Coupling load in continuous operation
The operating principles of the driving and driven machines are divided into categories and the application factor FB derived from these in accordance with DIN 3990-1.
Application factor FB | Torque characteristic of the driven machine | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Torque characteristic of the driving machine | uniform | uniform | non uniform | very rough |
uniform | 1.0 | 1.25 | 1.5 | 1.75 |
uniform with moderate shock loads | 1.25 | 1.5 | 1.75 | 2.0 |
non uniform | 1.5 | 1.75 | 2.0 | 2.5 |
Examples of torque characteristic of driving machines:
- uniform: Electric motors with soft starting, steam turbines
- uniform with moderate shock loads: Electric motors without soft starting, hydraulic motors, gas and water turbines
- non uniform: Internal-combustion engines
Examples of torque characteristic in driven machines:
- uniform: Generators, centrifugal pumps for light fluids
- uniform with moderate shock loads: Centrifugal pumps for viscous fluids, elevators, machine tool drives, centrifuges, extruders, blowers, crane drives
- non uniform: Excavators. kneaders, conveyor systems, presses, mills
- very rough: Crushers, excavators, shredders, iron/smelting machinery
Temperature factor FT | Temperature Ta on the coupling | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coupling | Elastomer material | Low temperature | under –30 °C | –30 °C to 50 °C | to 60 °C | to 70 °C | to 80 °C | to 90 °C | to 100 °C | to 110 °C | to 120 °C |
N-EUPEX | NBR | –30 | – | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | – | – | – | – |
N-EUPEX | NR | –50 | 1.1 1) | 1.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
N-EUPEX | HNBR | –30 | – | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.25 | 1.25 | – | – |
N-EUPEX DS | NBR | –30 | – | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | – | – | – | – |
RUPEX | NBR | –30 | – | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | – | – | – | – |
RUPEX | NR | –50 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
RUPEX | HNBR | –30 | – | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.25 | 1.25 | – | – |
BIPEX | TPU | –30 | – | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | – | – | – | – |
ELPEX | NR | –40 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.25 | 1.40 | 1.60 | – | – | – | – |
ELPEX-B | NR | –50 | 1.1 | 1.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
ELPEX-B | CR | –15 | – | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | – | – | – | – | – |
ELPEX-S SN, NN, WN | NR | –40 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.25 | 1.40 | 1.60 | – | – | – | – |
ELPEX-S NX | VMQ | –40 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.25 | 1.4 | 1.6 |
1) The N-EUPEX coupling is not suitable for shock loads when used at low temperatures.
NR = natural rubber, natural-synthetic rubber mixture
NBR = nitril-butadiene-rubber (Perbunan)
HNBR = hydrated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber
CR = chloroprene rubber (FRAS fire-resistant and anti-static)
VMQ = silicone
TPU = polyurethane
Coupling size TKN ≥ TN · FB · FT
In the case of ARPEX and ZAPEX coupling types, no temperature factor (FT = 1.0) need be taken into account.
Coupling load under maximum and overload conditions
The maximum torque is the highest load acting on the coupling in normal operation.
Maximum torques at a frequency of up to 25 times an hour are permitted and must be lower than the maximum coupling torque. Examples of maximum torque conditions are: Starting operations, stopping operations or usual operating conditions with maximum load.
TKmax ≥ Tmax · FT
Overload torques are maximum loads which occur only in combination with special, infrequent operating conditions.
Examples of overload torque conditions are: Motor short circuit, emergency stop or blocking because of component breakage. Overload torques at a frequency of once a month are permitted and must be lower than the overload torque of the coupling. The overload condition may last only a short while, i.e. fractions of a second.
TKOL ≥ TOL · FT
Coupling load due to dynamic torque load
Applying the frequency factor, the dynamic torque load must be lower than the coupling fatigue torque.
Dynamic torque load
TKW ≥ TW · FF · 1.5 / (FB – 1.0)
Frequency of the dynamic torque load
ferr ≤ 10 Hz frequency factor FF = 1.0
Frequency of the dynamic torque load
ferr > 10 Hz frequency factor FF = √(ferr/10 Hz)
For the ZAPEX and ARPEX series, the frequency factor is always FF = 1.0.
Checking the maximum speed
For all load situations nKmax ≥ nmax
Checking permitted shaft misalignment
For all load situations the actual shaft misalignment must be less than the permitted shaft misalignment.
Checking bore diameter, mounting geometry and coupling design
The check must be made on the basis of the dimension tables. The maximum bore diameter applies to parallel keyways to DIN 6885. For other keyway geometries, the maximum bore diameter can be reduced. On request, couplings with adapted geometry can be provided.
Coupling behavior under overload conditions
The ZAPEX, ARPEX, N-EUPEX, RUPEX and BIPEX coupling series can withstand overloads until the breakage of metal parts. These coupling series are designated as fail-safe.
The N-EUPEX DS, ELPEX-B, ELPEX-S and ELPEX coupling series throw overload. The elastomer element of these couplings is irreparably damaged without damage to metal parts when subjected to excessive overload. These coupling series are designated as non-fail-safe. These types that fail can be fitted with a so-called fail-safe device. This additional component enables emergency operation, even after the rubber element of the coupling has been irreparably damaged.
Checking shaft-hub connection
The torques specified in the tables of power ratings data of the coupling series do not necessarily apply to the shaft-hub connection. Depending on the shaft-hub connection, proof of form stability is required. FLENDER recommends obtaining proof of form strength by using calculation methods in accordance with the current state of the art.
Shaft-hub connection | Suggestion for calculation method |
|---|---|
Keyway connection to DIN 6885-1 | DIN 6892 |
Shrink fit | DIN 7190 |
Spline to DIN 5480 | |
Bolted flange connection | VDI 2230 |
Flange connection with close-fitting bolts |
Fitting recommendations for the shaft-hub connection are given in catalog section 15.
The coupling hub is frequently fitted flush with the shaft end face. If the shaft projects, the risk of collision with other coupling parts must be checked. If the shaft is set back, in addition to the loadbearing capacity of the shaft-hub connection, the correct positioning of the hub must be ensured as well. If the bearing hub length is insufficient, restorative forces may cause tilting movements and so wear to and impairment of the axial retention. Also, the position of the set screw to be positioned on sufficient shaft or parallel key material must be noted.
Checking low temperature and chemically aggressive environment
The minimum permitted coupling temperature is specified in the Temperature factor FT table. In the case of chemically aggressive environments, please consult the manufacturer.
